Thief palm
Phoenicophorium Borsigianum • Borsig's palm • Latanier feuille • Latannyen fey
Thief palm in Motion
The Essence
"Phoenicophorium borsigianum, the thief palm, owes its name to a crime: in 1857 an early specimen was stolen from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, reportedly reappearing in the private greenhouse of the German industrialist Borsig, and the genus name — from Phoenix and the Greek phorios, 'stolen' — has commemorated the theft ever since. It is the only species in its genus, a unique evolutionary lineage endemic to the Seychelles, where it is recorded on eight islands whose combined land area is only 235 km²; within that tiny range it is nevertheless today considered the commonest native palm of the Seychelles. The slender, solitary stem reaches 12–15 m yet is only about 8 cm thick and carries huge undivided, bifid leaves over 2 m long with notched orange margins and a strongly pleated surface; wind usually tears the blades into irregular segments, and new leaves emerge deep maroon. The black spines on young stems and leaf bases are generally thought to be a defence against the giant tortoises that once roamed the islands. Though a palm of the rainforest understorey, it is remarkably adaptable, colonizing even bare, eroded ground and heavily degraded forest dominated by invasive aliens. Its large dried leaves are a traditional roof-thatching material in the Seychelles — a use enjoying a renaissance for tourist infrastructure — and the species features in habitat-restoration programmes, for example on Silhouette."
Phoenicophorium combines Phoenix, a palm, with the Greek phorios, 'stolen' — 'the stolen palm' — because an early specimen was stolen from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1857, reportedly reappearing in Borsig's private greenhouse. The epithet borsigianum honours that Borsig connection, though the sources differ on the man: Monaco Nature Encyclopedia names August Borsig (1804–1854), German industrialist and passionate horticulturist, while Palmpedia attributes it to Albert Borsig, a 19th-century German tropical-plant collector.
First described as Astrocaryum borsigianum by K. Koch in 1859, the species received its current combination from Stuntz in 1914 (published in U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Invent. Seeds 31: 88), and it was long grown under the synonym Stevensonia borsigiana (also S. grandifolia). On the IUCN Red List it is assessed as Least Concern (2007). Significant populations are protected in Morne Seychellois and Praslin National Parks, and the substantial Silhouette population is managed by the Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles, which uses the species in active habitat restoration.
Natural Habitat
An understorey palm of moist forest at low and intermediate altitudes, from sea level to about 300 m. It is remarkably adaptable: it grows in deep shade or on open rocky outcrops and is one of only a few native Seychelles plants able to colonize bare, dry, eroded ground, withstanding full sunlight and periods of drought. It forms large stands and frequently associates with Lodoicea maldivica, the coco de mer; it can establish even in heavily degraded forest dominated by invasive aliens, and competes with Cinnamomum verum under closed canopy. The pleated leaves act as a litter trap that shelters geckos and invertebrates.
Specimen Gallery Under Curation
Discovering authentic visual assets in the field...
Biology & Morphology
"A solitary, slender, monoecious palm with a stem 12–15 m tall but only about 8 cm in diameter — densely black-spiny when young, more or less unarmed and heavily ringed with leaf scars at maturity — bearing entire, bifid, strongly pleated leaves over 2 m long on orange petioles, a much-branched interfoliar inflorescence about 1.5 m long with male flowers of 15–18 stamens, and small oval orange-to-red fruits 1.2–1.5 cm long with ruminate endosperm."
Morphology
Symmetrical columnar trunk with characteristic leaf-scar patterning and lignified outer cortex.
Adventitious root system spreading radially to maximize hydraulic intake in competitive soil matrices.
Distinctive unknown habit and medium stature providing a unique architectural profile.
Foliage
Vibrant green canopy featuring characteristic frond architecture optimized for photon interception and transpiration efficiency.
Specialized green tissues exhibiting moderate metabolic expansion rates.
Reproduction
Complex inflorescence branching typical of the Phoenicophorium clade, exhibiting seasonal reproductive synchrony.
Nutrient-dense drupes encased in a fibrous pericarp, optimized for protection and dispersal.
Dormant embryonic tissues with high endosperm density, characteristic of resilient Phoenicophorium specimens.
Ecology
Active rhizosphere communication with mycorrhizal fungal networks, enhancing phosphorus and micronutrient uptake.
Interlocked with local entomological vectors, primarily Meliponini bees or specialized coleoptera.
Gravity-mediated and animal-vectored dispersal mechanisms ensuring regional genetic distribution.
Germination & Propagation
Germination Timeline
Hydration soak.
Incubation in moist media.
Sprout emergence.
The seedling eophyll is entire.
Cultivation & Care
Light
A deep-rainforest understorey palm that nevertheless tolerates full sunlight in habitat; in cultivation it can stand almost full sun from quite an early age, though Monaco Nature Encyclopedia recommends a preferably shady position sheltered from the winds.
Water
Give it a warm, moist but well-drained position. In habitat, established plants withstand periods of drought.
Soil
Fertile, well-drained soil; the sources consulted give nothing more specific.
No specific minimum temperature or USDA zone is given in the sources consulted. Growers describe it as very cold sensitive and for the tropics and warm subtropics only; Monaco Nature Encyclopedia considers it cultivable exclusively in areas with a humid tropical climate.
Pests, Diseases & Care
Pests
Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida Red Scale)
MODERATEYellow spotting and premature leaf drop in high-humidity zones.
Introduction of Aphytis holoxanthus (parasitic wasp).
Oryctes monoceros (Rhinoceros Beetle)
HIGHV-shaped cuts in fronds; bores into the heart of the palm.
Destruction of breeding sites and fungal pathogens like Metarhizium.
Diseases
Ganoderma zonatum (Butt Rot)
LETHALRadial wood decay and structural instability at the base.
No chemical cure; immediate isolation and removal.
Thielaviopsis punctulata (Black Scorch)
HIGHBlackening and dwarfing of newly emerging fronds.
Wound protection and application of thiophanate-methyl.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Interveinal chlorosis (Younger fronds)
Chelated Fe-EDDHA Soil Pulse
Marginal chlorosis (Older fronds)
Mg-Sulfate (Kieserite) saturation
Frizzletop / Distorted spear
Systemic Mn-Sulfate application
Care Tips
Biosurveillance pulse synchronized for Global regional vectors.
Apply prophylactic fungicidal drench in the nocturnal phase.
Improve canopy ventilation to disrupt fungal sporulation cycles.
Sources & Conservation
Curated- Plants of the World Online (Kew): Phoenicophorium borsigianum (K.Koch) Stuntz · accessed 2026-09
- IUCN Red List: Phoenicophorium borsigianum (Least Concern, assessed 2007) · accessed 2026-09
- Wikipedia: Phoenicophorium · accessed 2026-09
- Palmpedia: Phoenicophorium borsigianum · accessed 2026-09
- GBIF Backbone Taxonomy: Phoenicophorium borsigianum (K.Koch) Stuntz · accessed 2026-09
- Monaco Nature Encyclopedia: Phoenicophorium borsigianum (G. Mazza) · accessed 2026-09
- BOTANY.cz: Phoenicophorium borsigianum (K. Koch) Stuntz – Thief palm · accessed 2026-09