The Essence
Anivona palmAnivonaAnivoAhaza
"Ravenea xerophila is the dry-country outlier of a genus otherwise associated with Madagascar's rainforests, and one of the rarest species in it. It is a solitary, dioecious palm of 1.5-8 m, carrying 11-22 glaucous, arching pinnate leaves above a trunk 13-30 cm thick that is widened at the base and densely covered with persistent leaf-sheath remnants. Its strangest feature is underground: alongside normal roots it forms tuberous, laterally swollen roots that serve as a water and food reserve — a characteristic Monaco Nature Encyclopedia describes as "not met in other palms", and which Rare Palm Seeds calls the first such roots ever recorded for a palm. Seedlings begin with an unusually large, carrot-like root more like a cycad's. Dransfield and Beentje, in The Palms of Madagascar, judged it "an extraordinarily beautiful palm" and probably an excellent species for cultivation given the very dry sites it occupies. In practice it is barely in cultivation at all: growth is very slow, and Jungle Music has reported having only two plants available, with no seed coming out of Madagascar. In its homeland the leaves are woven into winnowing baskets and hats. The picture from the field is sobering — Palmweb, following Dransfield and Beentje, reports roughly 65 trunked trees and some 80 seedlings across the two known populations, with the Tranoroa site degraded by overgrazing, and rates the species Endangered in house, stricter than its formal IUCN listing of Vulnerable."
EtymologyThe genus Ravenea honours Louis Frédéric Jacques Ravené (1823-1879), a German entrepreneur and patron whose Huguenot family had taken refuge in Berlin in 1685; some palm literature describes him simply as an official connected with the Berlin Botanic Gardens. The epithet xerophila comes from Greek xeros (dry) and philos (friend, loving), meaning "dry-loving".
Historical ContextDescribed by Henri Jumelle in 1933 (Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 5, 1(1): 28).
Endemic to the extreme south of Madagascar, between Ampanihy and the Ampingaratra Mountains, with collections from the Mandrare valley (Anadabolava) and the Manambolo valley (near Isomono). It grows in dry spiny Didiereaceae and Euphorbia bush or dry low forest on laterite or gneiss, at roughly 200-700 m, sometimes in groups. POWO places it in the seasonally dry tropical biome; Jungle Music describes the setting as Madagascar's "Spiny Forest", among cactus-like xerophytic vegetation.
Origin ZoneMadagascar
Taxonomic FamilyArecaceae
GPS AnchorLatitude-24.281389°
Longitude46.182500°
ReferenceMadagascar Botanical Zone
Technical ProfileHardinessZone 10
Max HeightMedium
Growth RateModerate
GBIF TAXONOMIC KEY2739043
Specimen Gallery Under Curation
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