Kentia Palm
Howea Forsteriana • Thatch Palm
Kentia Palm in Motion
The Essence
"The Kentia palm (Howea forsteriana) is one of the most widely grown ornamental palms in the world and the classic "parlour palm." It rose to prominence from the 1870s and had achieved preeminence in Britain by 1885, gracing the palm courts of grand settings such as The Ritz in London and appearing aboard RMS Titanic; Queen Victoria was so fond of the palms that she had them placed around her coffin, and the plant holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit. A relatively slow-growing, solitary feather palm, it forms an erect, bare trunk marked with prominent raised ring scars and a crown of long, arching pinnate fronds, typically reaching roughly 10 m tall (UF/IFAS reports heights up to about 40 ft in cultivation). It is endemic to Lord Howe Island, Australia, where seeds are still collected from wild palms and exported worldwide under tightly regulated controls. Prized as a houseplant for tolerating low light, it is nonetheless tender: it withstands only about -4 to -5 C, and briefly at that, and should not normally sit below 10 C. Erratic germination, strict export rules and slow growth keep good plants relatively expensive."
The genus name Howea is taken from Lord Howe Island, to which the genus is endemic. The species epithet forsteriana honours the naturalists Johann Reinhold Forster and his son Georg Forster, who accompanied Captain James Cook on his second Pacific voyage.
The two Howea species are a textbook example of sympatric speciation: they rarely hybridize in the wild, in large part because H. forsteriana flowers about seven weeks earlier than H. belmoreana, a phenological shift linked to the soils each prefers.
Natural Habitat
Howea forsteriana is endemic to Lord Howe Island, Australia, where it grows in extensive colonies in lowland to lower-montane forest, often on sandy, calcareous soils, and occurs at generally lower elevations than its relative H. belmoreana (which becomes abundant up to about 450 m). Plants of the World Online (Kew) places the species in the wet tropical biome, growing as a tree. It is widely grown on Norfolk Island, where it is cultivated for seed production, and POWO records it as introduced to the Dominican Republic.
Curated Specimens

Botanical specimen of Howea Forsteriana.

Botanical specimen of Howea Forsteriana.

Botanical specimen of Howea Forsteriana.

Botanical specimen of Howea Forsteriana.

Botanical specimen of Howea Forsteriana.
Biology & Morphology
"A relatively slow-growing, solitary feather palm with an erect, bare trunk marked by prominent raised ring scars left by fallen fronds, topped by a crown of long, gracefully arching pinnate fronds. Mature plants bear pendulous inflorescences of white-to-cream flowers among the lower leaves, followed by narrowly ovoid fruit about 4-5 cm long that ripen from dull orange to red or maroon."
Morphology
Solitary, erect trunk with prominent vascular reinforcement and dense fibrous layering.
Adventitious root system spreading radially to maximize hydraulic intake in competitive soil matrices.
Distinctive solitary habit and medium stature providing a unique architectural profile.
Foliage
Vibrant green canopy featuring feather-like pinnate fronds with reinforced midribs and high surface-area leaflets.
Specialized green tissues exhibiting slow metabolic expansion rates.
Reproduction
Complex inflorescence branching typical of the Howea clade, exhibiting seasonal reproductive synchrony.
Nutrient-dense drupes encased in a fibrous pericarp, optimized for protection and dispersal.
Dormant embryonic tissues with high endosperm density, characteristic of resilient Howea specimens.
Ecology
Active rhizosphere communication with mycorrhizal fungal networks, enhancing phosphorus and micronutrient uptake.
Interlocked with Pacific avian and entomological vectors adapted to island ecosystems.
Gravity-mediated and animal-vectored dispersal mechanisms ensuring regional genetic distribution.
Germination & Propagation
Germination Timeline
Hydration soak.
Incubation in moist media.
Sprout emergence.
Germination of the seeds is erratic and the germination rate is low. This, combined with the palm's slow growth and strict seed-export controls from Lord Howe Island, helps keep the plant relatively expensive.
Cultivation & Care
Light
Prefers shade to partial shade and tolerates low-light conditions, which is part of what makes it such a successful houseplant, but it grows better in bright, indirect light. Plants raised under glass cannot tolerate direct sun and will sunburn, though specimens established outdoors can adapt to full sun (UF/IFAS notes it can tolerate temperatures of 100 F if not in direct sun).
Water
Appreciates regular water but should be allowed to dry out between waterings. UF/IFAS rates it as moderately drought tolerant, yet it cannot cope with severe dryness, and overwatering is genuinely dangerous: continual over-watering (especially in winter) can cause root rot and kill the palm.
Soil
Adapts to clay, sand, or loam and to soils ranging from slightly alkaline to acidic, but it must have well-drained conditions; on Lord Howe Island it grows readily on sandy, calcareous soils. The roots resent disturbance, so site and transplant it with care.
This is a tender palm. UF/IFAS rates it for USDA zones 9b to 11, with cold tolerance to about 25 F (-4 C); it may briefly survive to around -5 C, but only for a few hours, and it should not normally be exposed to temperatures below 10 C.
Pests, Diseases & Care
Pests
Brontispa longissima (Coconut Leaf Beetle)
HIGHBrowning and drying of young fronds; high impact on tropical palms.
Biological control using parasitic wasps (Tetrastichus brontispae).
Promecotheca caerulipennis (Fiji Leafminer)
MODERATEBlistering of leaflets leading to significant photosynthetic loss.
Augmentation of native hymenopteran parasitoids.
Diseases
Thielaviopsis punctulata (Black Scorch)
HIGHBlackening and dwarfing of newly emerging fronds.
Wound protection and application of thiophanate-methyl.
Phytophthora palmivora (Bud Rot)
CRITICALNecrosis of the spear leaf and decay of the meristem.
Fosetyl-Al application and optimizing canopy ventilation.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Interveinal chlorosis (Younger fronds)
Chelated Fe-EDDHA Soil Pulse
Marginal chlorosis (Older fronds)
Mg-Sulfate (Kieserite) saturation
Frizzletop / Distorted spear
Systemic Mn-Sulfate application
Care Tips
Biosurveillance pulse synchronized for Oceania regional vectors.
Apply prophylactic fungicidal drench in the nocturnal phase.
Improve canopy ventilation to disrupt fungal sporulation cycles.
Sources & Conservation
Curated- Howea forsteriana - Wikipedia · accessed 2026-06
- Howea forsteriana (F.Muell.) Becc. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science · accessed 2026-06
- ENH456/ST297: Howea forsteriana: Kentia Palm - UF/IFAS · accessed 2026-06
- Howea - Wikipedia (genus account) · accessed 2026-06
- Howea forsteriana - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Vulnerable) · accessed 2026-06
- Howea forsteriana - LLIFLE Encyclopedia of Palms and Cycads · accessed 2026-06