Silver thatch palm
Coccothrinax Barbadensis • Puerto Rico silver palm • Tyre palm • Broom palm • Latanier balai
Silver thatch palm in Motion
The Essence
"Coccothrinax barbadensis is a slender, solitary fan palm of the Lesser Antilles and the southern Caribbean, first described as Thrinax barbadensis by Loddiges ex Martius and transferred to Coccothrinax by Beccari in Webbia in 1907. Plants of the World Online gives its native range as the Lesser Antilles to north-eastern Venezuela, listing the Leeward Islands, the Windward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and the Venezuelan Antilles; Palmpedia, LLIFLE and the Monaco Nature Encyclopedia additionally record it from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, which POWO does not include. It is one of the taller and more robust members of its genus, with a grey ringed trunk that can reach 15 m and a crown of palmate leaves that are green above and silvery beneath, so that the foliage flickers between green and white as it turns in the wind. The species is taxonomically messy: POWO sinks sixteen separately described names into it, among them Coccothrinax australis, C. dussiana, C. eggersiana, C. martinicaensis and C. sanctae-thomae, with Thrinax barbadensis as the basionym. Coccothrinax alta remains disputed - George Proctor treated it as a distinct species in 2005 on the basis of its shorter, more slender trunk, fewer stamens and much smaller fruit, while Kew's checklist treats it as a synonym of C. barbadensis. It is grown ornamentally for lining streets and driveways, as a solitary specimen or in groves, with young plants used in containers. Beyond its native range it is introduced in Hawaii, where a Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk weed risk assessment scored it 2 and recorded more than thirty naturalized individuals at Lanikai on Oahu."
The specific epithet barbadensis means "of Barbados" and refers to one of the places the palm comes from; the basionym is Thrinax barbadensis Lodd. ex Mart. The genus name Coccothrinax combines the Greek kokkos, "berry", with the name of the genus Thrinax, which these palms resemble.
The leaves are widely used for thatching roofs, and to make brooms for local consumption and for export as well as hats, baskets and other craft work - a use reflected in vernacular names such as "broom palm" and the French and Creole "latanier balai" and "palmier a balai". The Monaco Nature Encyclopedia notes that indiscriminate collecting of the leaves has markedly reduced the palm's presence on some islands, and Henderson and coauthors report that the species was probably once present throughout the Lesser Antilles but has been extirpated on many of them.
Natural Habitat
A dry-coastal palm of coastal forest and scrub woodland on low hills and slopes, usually on calcareous or limestone soils, from sea level to about 300 m and occasionally to about 600 m. Palmpedia adds that in northern Puerto Rico it grows on limestone while on the islands off eastern Puerto Rico it occurs on volcanic substrates, mostly at low elevations but up to about 350 m, and that in cultivation in Barbados it grows on extremely thin limestone-based soils in full exposure to sun and wind without irrigation.
Curated Specimens

Botanical specimen of Coccothrinax Barbadensis.

Botanical specimen of Coccothrinax Barbadensis.

Botanical specimen of Coccothrinax Barbadensis.

Botanical specimen of Coccothrinax Barbadensis.

Botanical specimen of Coccothrinax Barbadensis.
Biology & Morphology
"A solitary fan palm with a smooth, ringed grey trunk 2.5-15(-21) m tall and 5-20 cm thick, bare below but usually retaining thick dark, finely woven burlap-like fibres from old leaf bases just beneath the crown; palmate to costapalmate leaves about 1-1.5 m across with roughly 36-60 segments, green above and silvery-grey to silvery-white beneath; branched inflorescences shorter than the leaves with 3-10 primary branches, bearing fragrant white to pale yellow bisexual flowers with 9-12 stamens; and slightly flattened globose purple-black fruits about 6-12 mm across, each containing a single deeply grooved seed."
Morphology
Symmetrical columnar trunk with characteristic leaf-scar patterning and lignified outer cortex.
Adventitious root system spreading radially to maximize hydraulic intake in competitive soil matrices.
Distinctive unknown habit and medium stature providing a unique architectural profile.
Foliage
Vibrant green canopy featuring characteristic frond architecture optimized for photon interception and transpiration efficiency.
Specialized green tissues exhibiting moderate metabolic expansion rates.
Reproduction
Complex inflorescence branching typical of the Coccothrinax clade, exhibiting seasonal reproductive synchrony.
Nutrient-dense drupes encased in a fibrous pericarp, optimized for protection and dispersal.
Dormant embryonic tissues with high endosperm density, characteristic of resilient Coccothrinax specimens.
Ecology
Active rhizosphere communication with mycorrhizal fungal networks, enhancing phosphorus and micronutrient uptake.
Interlocked with local entomological vectors, primarily Meliponini bees or specialized coleoptera.
Gravity-mediated and animal-vectored dispersal mechanisms ensuring regional genetic distribution.
Germination & Propagation
Germination Timeline
Hydration soak.
Incubation in moist media.
Sprout emergence.
The species produces viable seed and is bird-dispersed, the fruits being an important food source for birds and the propagules surviving passage through the gut; the PIER assessment records a minimum generative time of 4 or more years.
Cultivation & Care
Light
Full sun; it adapts well to full sun, and plants grown indoors should still be given some sun.
Water
Fair to moderate water in a well-drained position. It prefers frequent watering and tolerates occasional but not prolonged dryness; it should not be left sitting in water.
Soil
Well-drained fertile calcareous, alkaline or sandy soils; it dislikes constantly soggy ground. Widely adaptable and able to thrive in poor soils, though it does better in nutrient-rich soil with regular watering. It is prone to potassium deficiency and needs a complete fertiliser including micronutrients, and is moderately salt tolerant.
Published hardiness figures disagree. Palmpedia gives USDA zone 10b; LLIFLE gives USDA zones 9-12, noting that it grows best in tropical regions, is not particularly tolerant of severe frost but survives to about -3 C, and that juvenile plants need protection during freezing temperatures; Riffle and Craft, quoted in the PIER risk assessment, say it is not hardy outside zones 10 and 11, with some protected specimens in 9b. It tolerates sweltering heat, strong wind and salt spray, and takes considerable coastal exposure.
Pests, Diseases & Care
Pests
Coraliomela brunnea (Leaf Miner)
LOWNecrotic galleries in young leaves, particularly in spiny species.
Targeted contact insecticides during peak emergence.
Oryctes monoceros (Rhinoceros Beetle)
HIGHV-shaped cuts in fronds; bores into the heart of the palm.
Destruction of breeding sites and fungal pathogens like Metarhizium.
Diseases
Thielaviopsis punctulata (Black Scorch)
HIGHBlackening and dwarfing of newly emerging fronds.
Wound protection and application of thiophanate-methyl.
Phytophthora palmivora (Bud Rot)
CRITICALNecrosis of the spear leaf and decay of the meristem.
Fosetyl-Al application and optimizing canopy ventilation.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Interveinal chlorosis (Younger fronds)
Chelated Fe-EDDHA Soil Pulse
Marginal chlorosis (Older fronds)
Mg-Sulfate (Kieserite) saturation
Frizzletop / Distorted spear
Systemic Mn-Sulfate application
Care Tips
Biosurveillance pulse synchronized for Global regional vectors.
Apply prophylactic fungicidal drench in the nocturnal phase.
Improve canopy ventilation to disrupt fungal sporulation cycles.
Sources & Conservation
Curated- Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc. - Plants of the World Online (POWO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · accessed 2026-08
- Coccothrinax barbadensis - Wikipedia · accessed 2026-08
- Coccothrinax barbadensis - Palmpedia, Palm Grower's Guide · accessed 2026-08
- Coccothrinax barbadensis - LLIFLE Encyclopedia of Palms and Cycads · accessed 2026-08
- Coccothrinax barbadensis - Monaco Nature Encyclopedia (etymology, description, propagation) · accessed 2026-08
- Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc. - GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, taxon key 2735268 (incl. vernacular names) · accessed 2026-08
- Coccothrinax barbadensis risk assessment - Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER), HEAR · accessed 2026-08